With Präzisionswerkzeugen against the ergot

A: Laboratory analysis of the plants; B: DNA Markerfragmente (arrows) indicate whether Rfp1 is present; C: If Rfp1 is missing, no Pollen is formed; possible consequence: Ergot infestation (E); D: If Rfp1 is present, it comes to strong polling pouring; (E: M. Welling) (openPR) - scientists at the Federal Institution for breeding research at cultivated plants in largely Lüsewitz succeeded in identifying a section in the hereditary property of rye the one of the most important ear diseases of rye, the ergot mushroom work against.

Ears of rye are in particular sensitively to the mushroom pores of a dangerous ear parasite, the ergot mushroom (Claviceps purpurea), above all, if the offer at Pollen is small. A group of researchers at the Federal Institution for breeding research in largely Lüsewitz now succeeded in limiting a section in the hereditary property of the rye which makes the bloom insusceptible to the mushroom pores. In addition they compared systematically parts of the hereditary property of rye with the completely decoded Genom of the rice plant and identified short DNA sections, which lie in rye closely neighbouring to a gene, which leads in modern high speed sorts to a strong polling pouring (report on the 57. Conference 2006 of the combination of the plant breeders and seeds buyers of Austria HBLFA Raumberg Gumpenstein, 21. - 23 November 2006).

The cultivated area of rye will increase in Germany in the year 2007 by approximately 24 per cent on approx. 670,000 hectars. Rye becomes because of its Anspruchslosigkeit in the cultivation as well as its versatility in the utilization, for example as Futtergetreide in the animal nutrition, estimated as regenerating raw material for the bio ethanol production, as biomass plant for the power production and naturally as healthy bread grain. But its good reputation suffers under the fact that rye is the preferential plant host of a dangerous ear parasite, the ergot mushroom.

Contrary to wheat and barley rye not can fertilize itself, but is dependent on fertilization by the Pollen of other rye plants. The Fremdbefruchter rye spreads therefore during the bloom time its spikelets far apart, in order to be able to catch strange Pollen. Because of this characteristic is it in particular sensitively to the mushroom pores of the ergot mushroom, above all, if the offer at Pollen is small and Blütchen remain unbestäubt in the Roggenähre. With the ergot it concerns outlasting forms (Sklerotien) of the parasitic hose mushroom Claviceps purpurea. The Sklerotien contains Mykotoxine, which rank among the group of the alkaloids and with the consumption for humans and animals can be equally injurious to health. In particular the cultivation of new and high performance, in addition, for the mushroom empfänglicherer hybrid rye places led to rising infestation with Claviceps purpurea. Despite large efforts of the agriculture is in particular in damp years, if due to unfavorable weather for the time of the rye bloom little Pollen is available to count on intensified ergot contamination of the harvested crop.

The polling pouring ability of modern rye places can by certain genes - so-called Restorergene -, which in exotic, for which cultivation was found to suitable rye origins, crucially is improved. Direct recognizing of such genes in a plant is not possible and required besides however so easily precious time. At Institut for agricultural cultures of the Federal Institution for breeding research at cultivated plants (BAZ) in largely Lüsewitz one placed oneself therefore the optimization of an indirect diagnostic procedure to the task, with whose assistance one of these valuable genes, Rfp1, for which creation of healthier rye places can be used more efficiently. In addition the scientists had to mark the place out of the rye gene COM, where the Restorergen Rfp1 is located, so closely with molecular gene COM markers that Rfp1 can be seized as point-exactly as possible, i.e. separately by further, unfavorably working genes of the exotic rye origin.

“Our task consisted of developing molecular diagnostic markers which can serve us in the enormous Genom of rye as a kind signpost/guide. Such markers make it for us possible to seek out within a short time under many thousand plants those aimed and surely those the desired characteristic - good polling pouring - of crossing parents inherited” explain breeding researcher Dr. Bernd chop on. In order to solve this task, those used largely Lüsewitzer working group the information from the completely decoded Reisgenom quasi as template and for DNA segments searched, which are located in rye in the range of the Rfp1-Gens. In this way again developed genetic diagnostic markers permit now with an error rate of less than 0.005% before not dagewesene precision regarding the statement whether the desired Rfp1-Gen in a plant is present or not. In addition institute leader Dr. Peter Wehling: “The decoded rice Genomdaten supplies meanwhile valuable views of the hereditary property of evolutionary used plants like for example to the varieties of grain with. Thus now the possibility is created of developing in systematic way molecular tools for the proof of valuable characteristic genes from plant-genetic resources. also for economically smaller kinds of fruit like rye”

Federal Institution for breeding research at cultivated plants
Institut for agricultural cultures
18190 largely Lüsewitz
Rudolf send place 3a
Tel. 038209/45200
Fax 038209/45222
p.wehling@bafz.de

The Federal Institution is part of the department research of the Federal Ministry for nutrition, agriculture and consumer protection (BMELV). She advises the BMELV and furnishes scientific decision making aids for the fulfilment of political and administrative tasks within the range of the breeding research, plant breeding and adjacent areas.

Their research results are part of the precaution for existence, contribute to the extension of the general scientific level of knowledge and stand for the target groups of the BMELV as well as the public for the use of the public interest for order with their work deepen the research institute the knowledge of the variety of genetic resources and create bases for the development of new cultivated plant sorts as a condition for a lasting, ecologically and economically balanced management more agriculturally, gardening, fruit and wine-structural surfaces.

It makes thereby a contribution for the production of qualitatively high-quality and healthy products for the human and animal nutrition as well as for the production of regenerativ industrieller of raw materials.

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